Lab Resources
Open-source resources for building and running an optics / quantum lab. New researchers can lean on a wealth of free guides, tutorials, software, and hardware designs to get a setup aligned, locked, and automated. Everything below is grouped by what you'd actually want to do: pick up lab skills, build open hardware, control your experiment in code, or plug into the wider community.
Practical guides & lab skills
Pedagogical starting points for working in an optics lab — how to align and characterize beams, use the standard detectors and electronics, and lock a laser for the first time. Beyersdorf's free e-book is a great place to begin.
- Laboratory Optics (Peter Beyersdorf) — A free e-book covering the basics of working in an optics lab: how to align beams, characterize beams, use photodiodes and oscilloscopes, balanced detectors, lock-in amplifiers, etc. A great pedagogical starting point for newcomers.
- Alignment of Optical Systems Using Lasers — A Guide for the Uninitiated (David M. Benton, 2021) — Step-by-step advice on aligning laser-based optical setups, covering laser safety, basic alignment pitfalls, and tricks for new researchers.
- Basics of Optical Alignment (Florian Ströhl) — Short YouTube tutorials that visually demonstrate how to align optical components. Supported by an EU education grant and very beginner-friendly.
- Liao Lab Resource Page — A comprehensive list of optics notes, vendor links, books, calculators, and more.
- RP Photonics Encyclopedia (Rüdiger Paschotta) — A free, authoritative encyclopedia of laser physics, optics, and photonics: hundreds of cross-linked articles on cavities, beam quality, noise, and nonlinear optics. The first place to look up an unfamiliar term.
- Lecture notes (Daniel Steck) — Free, polished graduate-level notes on Classical and Modern Optics and Quantum and Atom Optics, widely used as reference texts in AMO labs.
Video lecture courses
- MIT: Understanding Lasers and Fiberoptics (Shaoul Ezekiel) — A classic, intuition-first MIT video course on how lasers and fiber optics actually work, with the math kept to a minimum. An ideal first exposure to laser theory.
- MIT: Video Demonstrations in Lasers and Optics (Shaoul Ezekiel) — Filmed bench demonstrations of laser and optics phenomena — coherence, interference, polarization, and fiber modes — the experimental companion to the course above.
- MIT 8.421: Atomic and Optical Physics I (Wolfgang Ketterle) — Graduate AMO lectures on resonance, atom–light interaction, and coherence: the theory underpinning laser spectroscopy and laser cooling.
Vendor tutorials
- Thorlabs Photonics Lab How-To Videos — Practical topics like aligning a laser beam parallel to the table, aligning optical isolators, fiber coupling, polarizer orientation, and using waveplates.
- Newport Tutorials — Fundamentals including fiber-optic basics, polarizers & waveplates, vibration isolation, opto-mechanical design, and positioning equipment.
- Edmund Optics Knowledge Center — Tutorials and application notes across imaging, laser optics, microscopy, optomechanics, and testing & detection (including mirror configurations and beam-alignment best practices).
Laser locking & control
- A Practical Guide to Feedback Control for PDH Laser Linewidth Narrowing (Wang et al., 2024) — Introduces “just enough” control theory and systematically explains how to design and optimize a PDH lock for the first time, including component choices and loop tuning.
- Principles of Lock-in Detection (Zurich Instruments) — A clear white-paper introduction to lock-in amplifiers and homodyne detection — the measurement technique behind most laser-locking error signals.
- MOGLabs Application Note: PDH Locking — Setting up a Pound–Drever–Hall lock.
- PDH Locking Step-by-Step (Liquid Instruments) — Video demonstration of a PDH locking setup.
- PDH servo v2 — A servo controller for locking lasers to high-finesse optical cavities using the Pound–Drever–Hall technique.
Reference books
- Building Electro-Optical Systems: Making It All Work — P. Hobbs. A pragmatic guide full of real-world insight.
- Building Scientific Apparatus — Moore, Davis & Coplan. Covers the optical, mechanical, and electronic design of lab instruments.
- Optical Measurements for Scientists and Engineers: A Practical Guide — Arthur McClelland & Max Mankin. A compact crash-course for newcomers to optics labs: common measurement techniques (spectroscopy, microscopy), typical components, and how to build and collect data from simple setups — filled with hands-on tips for aligning, characterizing, and troubleshooting optical experiments.
- Lasers — A. E. Siegman. The definitive graduate reference on laser physics — optical resonators, Gaussian beams, and laser dynamics.
- Fundamentals of Photonics — B. E. A. Saleh & M. C. Teich. A broad, well-illustrated standard text covering optics, beams, fibers, and laser physics from the ground up.
Open hardware & DIY equipment
Open-source instrumentation and control electronics you can build yourself — from 3D-printable mechanics to FPGA-based digital laser locks, often at a fraction of commercial cost.
Major initiatives
- OpenLabTools (University of Cambridge) — Low-cost, open-access scientific instrumentation: modular designs and tutorials for data-acquisition systems, sensors, actuators, and 3D-printed mechanics, including an open-source automated microscope and mechanical tester.
- Open-Labware.net (Baden Lab & TReND in Africa) — Designs for 3D-printable lab instruments including FlyPi (open fluorescence microscope), OpenSpritzer (microfluidic injector), Spikeling (neuron simulator), and low-cost micromanipulators.
- RepRap Open-Source Lab Wiki — An aggregator for open scientific hardware, linking Cambridge’s OpenLabTools, Berkeley’s Tekla Labs, Open-Neuroscience, and many specific device projects.
Open electronics & control hardware
- Implementing PDH Locking with Red Pitaya — A full digital Pound–Drever–Hall laser lock using a Red Pitaya STEMlab 125-14.
- Linien — User-friendly laser locking on the RedPitaya (STEMlab 125-14) that just works. Built with Python and Migen and based on
red_pid; developed for spectroscopy signals but also supports PDH, other lock-in techniques, and simple PID. - RedPitaya Lockbox (TU Darmstadt APQ) — A digital controller for laser frequency stabilization on the RedPitaya STEMlab 125-14, with schematics and PCB layouts for an analog interface suitable for 19-inch rack units. Pairs with the
lockboxfeature of PyRPL. - PDH photodiode (TU Darmstadt APQ) — A wideband photodetector (Hamamatsu S9055-01 Si-PIN photodiode + transimpedance amplifier) with an AC-coupled non-inverting stage designed for Pound–Drever–Hall laser locking.
- PyRPL — Turns a Red Pitaya (STEMlab 125-14) into a versatile lock-in amplifier, PID controller, and network/spectrum analyzer for laser locking, with both a GUI and a full Python scripting API (source).
Experiment control & automation
The software stack for running an experiment in code: high-level control frameworks, the libraries that talk to your instruments, distributed lab-management tools, and machine-learning optimizers that tune the setup for you.
Experiment control frameworks
- labscript suite — A powerful experiment-automation framework widely used in AMO and quantum labs. Flexible composition, control, execution, and analysis with an emphasis on precise hardware timing; heterogeneous hardware support, a Python scripting interface, remote/distributed control, and ML-based optimization.
- ARTIQ (Advanced Real-Time Infrastructure for Quantum Physics) — M-Labs’ control and data-acquisition system (with the NIST Ion Storage Group). FPGA-based Sinara hardware delivers sub-microsecond latency and nanosecond timing; experiments are written in Python and compiled for deterministic timing.
- QCoDeS — A Python data-acquisition framework from the Copenhagen/Microsoft quantum labs: unified instrument communication, measurement automation, and data storage with a broad driver library.
- PyMeasure — A lighter-weight Python framework for scientific measurements — instrument classes plus a simple system for running experiment procedures, an open-source replacement for many LabVIEW-style tasks.
Instrument communication libraries
- PyVISA — The go-to library for controlling instruments over GPIB, USB, and serial (a Python wrapper for the VISA protocol).
- PySerial — A simple library for serial / USB communication.
- Awesome Photonics — A curated list of open-source photonics projects, including communication libraries.
Distributed control & lab management
- LabRAD — Laboratory Remote Automation and Distribution (NIST/JQI): a networked server-client architecture for scalable, multi-PC control systems.
- Entropy (Quantum Machines) — Free, open-source web-based lab-management software for complex experimental workflows, calibrations, data logging, and electronic lab notebooks.
Automation & optimization
- M-LOOP (Machine-Learning Online Optimization Package) — Automated experiment tuning that uses machine-learning algorithms to adjust parameters in real time.
- analysislib-mloop — Integration of M-LOOP with the labscript suite for self-optimizing sequences.
Control theory background
- Steve Brunton — Control Bootcamp — A concise YouTube course on classical and modern control (PID, state space, LQR, Kalman filtering) — the theory you need to design a stable feedback loop.
- Brian Douglas — Classical Control Theory — Intuitive, animated explanations of Bode plots, loop shaping, and stability margins for building real engineering intuition when tuning servo loops.
Communities & vendor SDKs
Where to find working control systems from other groups, ask for help when alignment goes sideways, and grab the official SDKs that ship with commercial hardware.
Trapped-ion control systems
- Oxford Ion Trap Group — Open-source projects from the Ion Trap Quantum Computing group at the University of Oxford.
- Haeffner Lab (Berkeley Ions) — The Haeffner Lab at UC Berkeley, trapping ions to study quantum physics and quantum information.
- Quantum Information with Trapped Ions (QITI) — Resources and projects for quantum information with trapped ions.
- IonTrap-WIPM (MangFeng Ion Trap Group, WIPM, CAS) — A control system for ion-trap quantum information processing: spin-echo operations (CPMG, UDD), a GUI for single-qubit operations, Rabi/Zeeman scans, and pulse-shaping for DDS/AWG.
Forums & Q&A
- Physics Stack Exchange: Laser Beam Alignment Best Practices — A community discussion of alignment techniques.
- Reddit: r/Physics — Lab tips, DIY projects, and general physics discussion.
Vendor SDKs & APIs
- Thorlabs Kinesis — Comprehensive motion-control software with .NET controls for building custom apps in C#, Visual Basic, LabVIEW, or any .NET language. USB plug-and-play for multi-unit / multi-axis setups, reusable .NET controls with full graphical instrument panels (e.g., KDC101) plus programmatic access, and C# / LabVIEW example projects.
- Thorlabs APT Suite — The APT family of controllers (stepper/DC motor, open- and closed-loop piezo, strain-gauge readers, solenoid drivers, NanoTrak feedback) with unified PC-based user and programming APIs. LabVIEW talks to APT controllers via ActiveX, with example VIs and a usage guide.
- thorlabs_apt — A Python package for Thorlabs APT hardware.
- PyDAQmx — An open-source alternative to LabVIEW for National Instruments DAQ devices.